Sunday, June 26, 2011

Alaska cruise - Ketchikan

自溫哥華啟航之後,遊輪在海上經過了一天半的航行,來到了我們行程中的第一個停靠港口 - Ketchikan。Ketchikan 是一個位在阿拉斯加東南部的小漁村,根據 wikipedia,當地居民只有八千人出頭。因為地理位置的關係,遊客經海路從南邊北上造訪阿拉斯加的時候,Ketchikan 通常都是第一個看到的城市,因此本鎮又有 Alaska's First City 的別名。旅遊旺季中一天就可以有五六艘遊輪停靠,吐出來的遊客比鎮上居民還多,這也是阿拉斯加各觀光鎮的有趣生態之一。

After sailing for one and a half days since leaving Vancouver, we arrived at Ketchikan, the first port of call during this cruise trip. Ketchikan is a small fishing town at Southeastern Alaska, with population of only 8,000. Kechikan's geographic location makes it the first stop for many visitors coming via sea from the south to Alaska, thus it also earns the nickname "Alaska's First City". During the peak season, there can be as many as five or six cruise ships making a stop here each day, spitting out more than ten thousand tourists into the otherwise quiet town. Locals are seasonally outnumbered by the visitors, this is one of the interesting things happens in Alaska during summer.

Ketchikan 也是美國第二多雨的城市,每年平均雨量有驚人的 3490 公釐,一年平均有兩百多天都在下雨,在旅遊書上看到了這些情報之後,我已經做足了對壞天氣的心理準備。但,很意外的,今天竟然是萬里無雲的大晴天,而且氣溫高達華氏七十多度,實在是讓人開心的意外。

Ketchikan is also statistically known as the second rainy-most city in US, boasting an astonishing 3490 millimeters rainfall per year, or more than 200 rainy days each year. After reading about all these in tour books, I came prepared for bad weather for this particular city. But, I was pleasantly surprised by a brilliant sunny sky, not even a piece of cloud, and a warm temperature of mid 70.

我們今天的時間表有點奇怪,一大早大約六點多就靠岸,下午一點所有遊客就得回到船上繼續啟航北行,實際在 Ketchikan 停留的時間不是很多。先前研究旅遊書,發現 Ketchikan 城市雖小,但相關景點非常多,主要可以分 city tour 型的景點,和坐小船或飛機離開城市,參觀附近郊外的美景。Ketchikan 幾個最著名的特色,包括當地原住民的 totem pole(事實上,整個美國/加拿大西北區,包括西雅圖,溫哥華等地在內,都有做 totem pole 的原住民風俗),鮭魚迴游,還有市區外的 Misty Fjords。因為我們全家都是第一次坐阿拉斯加遊輪,而且在 Ketchikan 的時間又短,就決定只上岸自己在市內走走就好。

The schedule our ship followed was a bit odd, arriving in town very early at 6AM, and leaving by 1PM. This left us not much time in Kechikan. Based on the homework I did, albeit a small town, Kechikan has a wide variety of attractions for tourists. People can either do some city tour for local culture, or leave the city behind, taking small boats or airplanes out to nearby beautiful scenic spots. The most well known attractions of Kethcikan include totem poles carved by local native residents (in fact, totem poles are common to all native people in the northwestern US/Canada, including Seattle, Vancouver, etc.), salmons returning from the sea (Ketchikan is also known as the "salmon capital"), and the Misty Fjords a short distance out of the town. Since we were all first time visitors, and the stay at the town was so short, we decided to make it simple and just plan to walk about the town by ourselves.

【Dawn at the quiet hillside city Ketchikan】

【The way we came from】

【Many people choose to take small boats and go out of city to visit nearby attractions】

【We, all first time visitors, decided to see sights locally】

上岸後第一站,我們來到街角的一個 information center,裡面有一些當地文化、生活型態的展覽。又因為本城是 Alaska's First City,展覽裡也有一些阿拉斯加整體的 overview。

We made our first stop at the towns visitor information center. It shows exhibits about local culture and lifestyle. Since this is Alaska's First City, there are also exhibits about Alaska in general, too.

【A totem pole at the information center. Later today I learned, the real traditional totem poles are actually less decorated (in terms of coloring applied) than this one.】

【Display about fishing. Fishery was the most important economy activity for all southern Alaska towns for long time. Now it yields its crown to tourism.】

看完了展覽,沿著海岸邊走到了 creek street,這部分的城市建築相當有趣,是在類似一般的 pier 常見的架高木架上,建起了房子和整條街道。可想而知,街道並不是很寬,大量遊客湧入的時候,難免有些擁擠,讓我想起了大學時代,和朋友一起遊九份的感覺。

After that, we walked along the waterfront to reach the Creek Street. The way this city was constructed is very interesting - on top of the raised wooden platform typically seen at piers, houses and a whole street were built along a river and it goes all the way upstream. The roads here are not very wide, and can get really crowded by people coming out from all those cruise ships. This reminded me a bit of my trips to some famous tourist spots in Taiwan with friends when I was an undergrad.

【Creek Street. The whole street and buildings are built on top of a peer-like structure.】

走著走著,低頭往水裡看去,赫然發現現在正好是鮭魚迴遊的季節,水裡有數不清的鮭魚,正努力地往上游前進。當然,回家的路遙遠又充滿險阻 - 往下流的溪水十分湍急,魚在水中往上游,乍看之下幾乎完全沒有在移動,好像影片的畫面被定格了一樣,只有偶爾某一隻魚無法跟上大家的腳步,被溪水沖得順流而下的時候,我們才能看出溪水不舍晝夜往下游流去的事實。無數的海鳥正在岸邊等待氣力用盡的鮭魚,好好飽餐一頓。但成千上萬返家的鮭魚,就像是從無盡的大海深處源源不絕湧出的一條輸送帶上的貨品,遵從著生物的本能,大家整齊劃一地指向上游唯一的原鄉。

As we walked by the river, we unexpectedly discovered it was the season for salmons homecoming. There were countless fishes in the water, pushing forward upstream. Of course, the road going home for them is a long and arduous one - the water flows swiftly downstream, while the fishes swim upstream against water with their full strength. It looked to us as if they were stationary in the water, like a frozen frame in movies. Occasionally, only when a salmon could not catch up with everyone else and got washed away by the flowing stream, we realized the water is really flowing uninterrupted, like an eternal challenge to these salmons. There were also countless of seabirds sitting nearby, awaiting for their feast. Endlessly, the salmons emerge from the ocean, like goods on a conveyer belt, and follow their biological instinct, heading to the very home where they were born.

【One salmon】

【Many salmons】

【Countless salmons rushing into the river like a conveyer belt, as if there is a source cloning and generating all these fishes at the bottom of Pacific Ocean.】

【Seabirds await for their feast.】

我們跟著河往上游走,道路左曲右彎,遠離海岸和密集的建築區,很快就變成一條林間的小路。一路上,河裡始終有源源不絕的鮭魚。我們此行的目的地,是 Ketchikan 的兩個小型觀光點,兩個景點的距離不遠,都在河的上游處 - Salmon Hatchery 和 Totem Heritage Center。其中,Salmon Hatchery 讓我非常失望。感覺它完全是一個 tourist trap,我甚至不知道我付了門票錢到底要看什麼?沒錯,它有稍微介紹當地人把鮭魚收集起來,採精採卵,然後把它們孵化的過程,不過和外面河裡活生生的奇景相比,這些展示實在是相當無聊…

We continued to follow the river and the circuitous road next to it, leaving seashore and the populated area, entering less visited part of the town. All along the walk, the salmons in the stream followed us. We were heading towards two small tourist destinations in Ketchikan, both upstream of this river sitting next to each other - Salmon Hatchery and Totem Heritage Center. Salmon Hatchery was a big time disappointment, almost made me feel it is a complete tourist trap. I wasn't even sure what I paid to see. Yeah, yeah, it has small display boards talking about local people collect salmons, mix their sperms and roes, and hatch the eggs at proper conditions. However, compared with the salmons fighting their way home right in the river, these displays are indeed boring.

【The specks in water are not rocks or camera defects. These are all salmons. Amazing. 】

【Salmon Hatchery. Honestly, nothing interesting to see. I didn't even know what I actually paid for, given I have seen much more marvelous things in the river outside.】

【Yeah, they do have bald eagles. But I was not sure why eagles have anything to do with salmon hatchery.】

另一個展覽館 Totem Heritage Center 稍微有趣一些,裡面放有一些真正古蹟級的 totem pole,真的是早期原住民做的,而不是現代人為了促進觀光而翻製。不過,博物館規模也很小,除了門口大廳處站著的四根 totem pole,另外還有十根左右的 totem pole 被存放在透明的保護箱裡,大約十五分鐘就可以看完。

The other exhibit next door, Totem Heritage Center, is slightly more interesting. There are real totem poles passed down from ancient time displayed here, not the modernly made ones for tourism. The place is pretty small though, with only four standing totem poles at the lobby and about ten more stored in protective plastic cases. I can go over the whole collection in about fifteen minutes.

【Old totem poles. It is not a dinosaur, but a bear, on top of the pole at right hand side.】

【Traditional totems poles were not colored.】

【Totem poles made in modern days are more decorated, especially the coloring.】

看完了兩個不怎麼樣的博物館之後,我們坐巴士回到鎮上,進行小小的採購和街頭巡禮。今天不但萬里無雲,氣溫還達到 high 70,以九月的阿拉斯加來說,實在不太尋常,我們穿了長袖加外套下船,也熱得有點吃不消。在 Ketchikan 停留的時間稍微嫌短,又選了兩個地雷景點(我不確定如果去 Saxman village 會不會比較好,如果有機會再來再說好了。不過如果去那邊,就不會看到本日最大奇景鮭魚迴游了),上船的時候還有點意猶未盡,不過也只能照著船公司指定的時間,起錨開往下一個停靠港 Juneau。

We took bus back to town after seeing the two not-so-impressive museums, and made brief shopping stops. It was sunny and rather hot, with temperature at mid 70s, which is quite unusual for Alaska in September. Overall, the stay at Ketchikan was short, and I kind of regretted my picks of destinations. I am not sure if Saxman village (a place out of town showing live totem pole carving) is more interesting; if I have another chance to come back here, I will see. The best part of the day was the unexpected encounters with the salmons, it was really something to see. Although I wished to have more time exploring the town, I had to follow the schedule and head to Juneau, our next stop for tomorrow.

【A landmark at Ketchikan dock/water front. Many tourists take pictures here, but few are lucky enough to capture the blue sky above.】

【Time to board again.】

【Close-up on Diamond Princess. From this distance, she looks more like a large hotel building than a boat.】

Thursday, June 09, 2011

2010 冬遊 New Mexico - Carlsbad Caverns Big Room

Abstract - This is about "The Big Room Trail" at Carlsbad Caverns National Park, New Mexico. The Big Room is the largest chamber in the cave system, large enough (in volume) to host six White Houses in the room! The self-guided, open to all public (no tour guide or ticket required other than national park entrance fee) trail takes about one hour to just walk through, and much longer if you want to take a lot of pictures, and even longer if you get busy deleting the blurred photos that are inevitable under the lighting condition.

參加完兩個 tour 之後,我心滿意足地回到 Carlsbad 這個小鎮住下。剛好我我另一位大學同學和她的一群朋友,也到 New Mexico 旅行,今天正好是我們行程重疊的部分,晚上大家就在旅館房間玩起卡坦島和 Bang! 兩個 board game,讓本來無聊的晚上(通常國家公園行程的夜晚都特別無趣,只能早點上床)變得很熱鬧。

隔天一早,我還有半天的時間在 Carlsbad NP,就自行參觀國家公園對所有大眾開放的 Big Room trail,也是這個國家公園最有名,最大的石室。有多大呢?國家公園的說法是,這個石室的容積可以放得下六個白宮!聽起來就很厲害,不過實際走過之後,覺得它雖然很大,但是因為山洞彎彎曲曲,形狀太不規則,很難想像要怎麼把白宮 "放進來"。

早在十一月,我知道要來這裡旅行的時候,就特別為這次行程上網買了一支可以開光圈到 1.8 的定焦鏡,因為我本來覺得,山洞裡光線不足,有大光圈鏡才夠力,不過攝影的基本原則,光圈大,景深就淺,而這 Big Room 又是超大,淺景深沒有辦法把遠近景都照下來;縮小光圈的話,因為光線不夠,又會手振,所以就拍出了很多模糊的照片…幸好我今天有扛腳架下來,趁大家都還在旅館睡覺(我早上八點就到了山洞裡了),趕快一路把腳架架起來拍個過癮。不過一直架腳架也是很煩…一早遊人不多,洞裡很安靜,也沒有很多閃光燈的光害(明明就沒用,不知道大家是在打什麼),逛起來非常輕鬆自在。

Big Room 實在是超大,光是步道就要走一個小時,再加上一路拍照看風景的時間,不知不覺就過了兩個半小時。或許有人會問,在地底走這麼久,不會單調嗎?其實,地底山洞就像地表上每座山都長得不同一樣,每轉一個彎,都有不同的風景。而且,早期地洞探險者想像力豐富,每個地方都有有趣的名字(應該也是為了方便認路,所以重要的 feature 都要有名字),一路看過去實在很好玩。所有的地名裡,我覺得最有趣的是一個叫 bottomless pit 的地洞:這個地洞用燈都照不到底,看不出來有多深,早期探險隊把石頭丟進去,也聽不到它落底的聲名,無底洞之名不脛而走。後來才探勘出來原來洞底是爛泥地,石頭擲地無聲,才造就了這麼個名字。

Big Room 算是 Carlsbad Caverns 開發最早,最多人參觀的入門路線。整條步道都是水泥鋪成的很好走,而且一路都有完善的照明設施。可惜這些白的、綠的、橘的人工照明,把整個山洞弄得像兒童樂園的鬼屋,多了那麼一種人工的感覺,也少了一分像昨天參加 Lower Cave Tour 的感動。

Carlsbad 的風景實在很難用文字來描述,我以下就用圖來代替文字…

【牆上很多地方都有水母型的 feature】

【地下水乾了之後,地面上也會有殘留的痕跡】


【照片不容易看出 scale,這個地方對面的牆至少有三四十公尺遠】



【眼前的每一個小山丘都有快兩層樓高】

【這邊也是視野寬廣】

【早期探險隊下到 lower cave 的路徑,還好昨天的 tour 不是從這邊下去,看不到底很可怕】

【這個就是 Lower Cave Overlook 的景色,實在看不出來底下有昨天看到的那種美好風景】

【把人放進來,就知道洞有多寬】



【這麼大的洞,早期燈具不佳的時候,到底要怎麼探洞,讓人佩服】

【兩層樓高的大型石柱】

【上面長滿了奇異的結構】


【只有這張照片是小 scale - 一個長滿了細鐘乳石的小洞 - 照片很容易讓人對尺度產生混淆】

Monday, June 06, 2011

【閱讀筆記】 The Big Short

Abstract: This is a recommendation for the book "The Big Short" by Michael Lewis. This book gives a good introduction to what happened to cause the sub-prime mortgage induced financial fiasco in 2008. The author has done a fantastic job in story telling, transforming tedious financial history and facts into a interesting reading for common non-finance people like myself.

前些日子,在《緣角財經筆記》這個 blog 看到板主推薦《The Big Short》這本書。本書的主要內容是在講 2008 年金融海嘯的事情:究竟是什麼情形,可以讓世界的金融秩序來到了幾乎崩潰的邊緣?

聽起來是蠻值得一讀的一本書,剛好我們這邊的圖書館也有收藏,我就上線 reserve 了一本。讀完之後,最讓我佩服的是作者說故事的功力:如果他平鋪直敘地寫來,那只會讓整本書讀起來感覺像財金史回顧或教課書,雖然有料但是對一般人來說就顯得乏味。作者採用了不同的寫作方式,以六七個曾參與次貸危機並在其中扮演不同角色的人物觀點寫作,讓讀者經由這些人的眼光,看到一片片的事實,然後再把這片斷的事實連接起來變成更完整的事件全貌。當然,這麼嚴重的問題背後,必然有更多不為外行人知的秘辛,可能是連作者本人也無從知曉的,不過就作者知道的部分,我覺得他很成功地把整件事用一個趣味化、而且易於閱讀的方式,呈現給讀者。

讀了這本書讓我對寫作產生另一種想法:其實會引起人們 casual reading 的興趣的,主要還是人的故事。作者成功地發現了這件事,然後把財務投資的事實,轉變成人的故事來寫作,相當成功。本書作者也是另一本名作 《Moneyball》 的作者,有機會的話,我應該也會去借來看看。